RECALLING THE CHRISTIAN JEWISH RELIGIOUS HISTORY BACK (Judeo-CHRISTIANISME) AND PAUL

Post servant of god on Tue Oct 12, 2010 6:11 pm Most Christians think that the Gospels were written by eyewitnesses who witnessed Jesus' life directly, and so they are witnesses who can no doubt anymore about the events that meet the life and preaching. With the face of assurances about the truth of the Gospel, can people question the teachings of the Gospel that can be drawn from these? Could anyone in doubt about the truth of the institutional Church that was established according to general instructions given by Jesus himself? Prints and gospel now earmarked for the layman contain comments which are intended to disseminate these ideas among them.
To the followers of religion are loyal, highlighted the axiom that the Gospel writers were eyewitnesses. Is not Yustin in the second century says that the Gospels are memoirs (the records) of the Apostles (the friends of Prophet Isa). And then also given a detailed description of the gospel writers, so people do not hesitate to correct. For example: Matthew is a very famous "civil Excise duty on Kafrna'um," He understand Aramaic and Greek. Mark is mentioned as a friend Peter; already clear that Mark was not an eyewitness who saw Jesus himself. Luke was a physician, so Paul said that the remarks about Luke is very accurate. John was an apostle (friend) who is always close to Jesus, son of Zebede, a fisherman on the lake Genesareth.
Modern investigations of beginnings of Christianity show that the presentation of the above does not fit with reality. We later would find out who the authors of the gospel. Regarding the period of several decades after Jesus no longer exists, we must know that what happened did not like what was said, and that the visit of Peter to Rome did not establish the Catholic Church. Contrast between the time Jesus left this earth until the middle of the century II, ie for more than a century there has been a struggle between two streams of the Christian religion according to Paul and the Judeo-Christian religion; to flow slowly Paul urged the original flow of the Judeo-Christian religion.
Many articles that appear in the final decades of this and that based on findings revealed in our time, has enabled us to understand the modern thoughts presented by Cardinal Danielou. Article published in December 1967 in a magazine-Etude (investigation) entitled: A new view of the origin or the Judeo-Christian religion Christianisme. Citing previous articles, he explored the history and allows us to put the Gospel in the context of very different to what we can read the descriptions written for the laity. Below we list the summary of the main thoughts in the article, with the quotations:
After Jesus, no longer a small group of the apostles (friend) who is a "Jewish sect devoted to the worship and ceremonies of the temple." But when a lot of new people who convert to Christianity from Pagan religions (Pagan), they proposed a special rule, the Council of Jerusalem in 49 AD to free them from circumcision and Jewish ceremonies. Many of the people, the Jewish-Christians who disagree with this special treatment. This group broke away and Paul. In fact, there have been clashes between Paul and the Christian Jews in 49 AD was also in Antioch. For Paul, circumcision, holidays and ceremonies Saturday at the temple no longer need, whether for followers of Jesus or to the Jews themselves. Christian Religion must free itself from religious Politico relationship with Judaism, and open yourself to people Gentil (who is not Jewish).
In the view of Christian Jews who remained faithful, to Jewish teachings, Paul was a traitor. The documents they say that Paul was an enemy and charge him with two-face tactics, but until the year 70 AD Judeo-Christianisme a "majority in the church" and "Paul is a man who alienated." Chairman of the Judeo-Christian society than is Jack, a relative of Jesus. He was accompanied by Peter and John. Jack can be considered as its pillar Judeo-Christianisme, who deliberately loyal to the Jewish religion against the Christian religion that led Paul. Family of Jesus plays a role in Judeo-Christian church in Jerusalem. Substitute Jack is Simon, son of Cleopas, a cousin of Jesus.
Cardinal Danielou cites Judeo Christian writings that reveal views of Judeo Christian group that formed around the apostles (friend) of Jesus: Gospel of the Hebrews (about the Jewish community of Christians in Egypt), Clement Hypotesa essay, gratitude Clement (Reconnaissance de Clement ), Apocalypse and the Gospel Thomas.8 Jack The Jews that Christians who wrote the ancient Christian documents mentioned in detail olel Cardinal Danielou.
"On IM century, Jewish-Christian religion not only in Jerusalem and Palestine, but in other places as well, either before the flow of Paul's spread. This shed light why the letters of Paul always mentions the existence of conflict," is everywhere Paul got the same obstacles, in Galitea, Corinth, Colossae, Rome and Antioch.
In the Syrian coastal lands of Palestine, from Gaza to Antioch, the people embraced Christianity Judaism, as described by the letters of the apostles and the writings of Clement. "
In Asia Minor the followers of Judaism Christianity has been proven by a letter to the Galitia and a letter to the Colossians, both transmitted by Paul. Papias's writings give a picture of Christian Jewish religion in Phrygie. In Greece, especially at Apollos, Paul's letter to person Corinthians shows tersiarnya Christian Judaism. Rome is an important center, according to Clement's letter and Pastor of Hernias. In Suetone and Tacite, Christians were a Jewish sect. Cardinal Danielou argued that Christianity entered Africa, the early Christians were Jewish. This is corroborated by the Gospel of the Hebrews and the writings of Clement of Alexandria.
It is very important to know the facts so that we can understand that the Gospels-Gospels were written in an atmosphere of struggle between two groups. The spread of text that we have now, after the holding of the changes in the source text, beginning around the year 70 AD, the time of clashes between two rival groups. At that time more Christian Jewish groups. But with the Jewish War (against the Roman Empire) and the fall of Jerusalem in 70, the situation is reversed.
Cardinal Danielou explained this decline as follows:
"Because the Jews were no longer trusted in the Roman Empire, the Christians distance themselves from them. Christianity as broadcasted in Greece making progress. Paul got the victory after his own death. Christianity split from Judaism both sosiologik and politically, and a third group, which in addition to Jews and Gentiles. But despite that until the Jewish revolt that occurred in the year 140, Christian agamaYahudi still dominant culture. "
From year 70 to about AD 110, there arose the four Gospels, which is written by Mark, Matthew, Luke and John. Gospel is not the first Christian document; previously had no letters of Paul. According to O. Culmann, Paul wrote a letter to the Thessalonians in the year 50. But it's clear, Paul died several years before the Gospel of Mark finished writing.
Paul was a much disputed and considered traitors to the teachings of Jesus by the family of Jesus himself, and by the apostles (companions of Prophet Jesus) who lived in Jerusalem with Jack. Paul is considered to have broadcast their own teachings and detrimental to the friends who gathered by Jesus himself to broadcast its teachings. Because Paul never met Jesus, he gives a basis for his actions by saying that Jesus was alive again after the grave, appeared to him on the road to Damascus. We may wonder how that should happen in the Christian religion if Paul did not appear; of course there are all kinds hypotesa. However, in matters concerning the Gospels, we can say that if the atmosphere of clashes between the two groups caused by the perverted teachings of Paul were not there, we certainly will not find a gospel-gospel as they are today. Because it is written at the time of conflict between the two groups, then the writings of the struggle (ecrits de Combat) as called by RP Kannengiesser, has emerged from the writings about Jesus when Christianity according to Paul's teaching has been won and are putting together a collection of official texts or Canon, which is the text that punishes any other text that does not comply with the line chosen by the Church, and regard it as contrary to orthodoxy.
After the followers of Judaism Christianity no longer rnerupakan influential group, they were usually called "Yudaisants" namely the people who inclined towards the Jewish religion. Cardinal Danielou writes:
"The Judeo-Christian people are disconnected from the Great Church of freeing ourselves from Jewish influence, and they were destroyed quickly in the West. But they still exist in the East in the third and fourth centuries, especially in Palestine, Arabia, Jordan, Syria and Mesopotamia (Iraq). Among them are many who converted to Islam, which indeed they were the inheritors of an aspect of Christian religion, others follow the orthodoxy of the Church by maintaining the Semitic culture, "as there are in Ethiopia and Babylon.

MENGINGAT KEMBALI SEJARAH AGAMA YAHUDI KRISTEN (JUDEO-CHRISTIANISME) DAN PAULUS

  hamba tuhan on Tue Oct 12, 2010 6:11 pm

Kebanyakan umat Kristen mengira bahwa Injil-Injil itu ditulis oleh saksi-saksi mata yang menyaksikan kehidupan Yesus secara langsung, dan dengan begitu mereka itu merupakan saksi-saksi yang tak dapat disangsikan lagi mengenai kejadian-kejadian yang memenuhi kehidupannya dan dakwahnya. Dengan menghadapi jaminan-jaminan tentang kebenaran Injil, dapatkah orang mempersoalkan ajaran-ajaran yang dapat diambil dari Injil tersebut? Dapatkah orang ragu-ragu tentang kebenaran kelembagaan Gereja yang didirikan menurut petunjuk-petunjuk umum yang diberikan oleh Yesus sendiri? Cetakan-cetakan Injil sekarang yang diperuntukkan bagi orang awam memuat komentar-komentar yang dimaksudkan untuk menyebarluaskan idea-idea tersebut diantara mereka.

Kepada pengikut-pengikut agama yang setia, ditonjolkan aksioma bahwa para pengarang Injil adalah saksi-saksi mata. Bukankah Yustin pada abad II mengatakan bahwa Injil-Injil itu adalah memoir (catatan-catatan) para Rasul (sahabat-sahabat Nabi Isa). Kemudian diberikan pula keterangan yang terperinci mengenai para pengarang Injil sehingga orang tidak ragu-ragu lagi akan kebenarannya. Umpamanya: Matius adalah seorang yang sangat terkenal "pegawai bea Cukai di Kafrna'um, "Ia faham bahasa Aramaik dan bahasa Yunani. Markus disebutkan sebagai teman Petrus; sudah terang bahwa Markus bukan saksi mata yang melihat Yesus sendiri. Lukas adalah seorang tabib, sehingga Paulus mengatakan bahwa keterangan-keterangan tentang Lukas tersebut sangat tepat. Yahya adalah rasul (sahabat) yang selalu dekat dengan Yesus, anak dari Zebede, seorang nelayan di danau Genesareth.

Penyelidikan-penyelidikan modern tentang permulaan agama Kristen menunjukkan bahwa penyajian seperti tersebut di atas tidak sesuai dengan kenyataan. Kita nanti akan mengetahui siapa pengarang-pengarang Injil itu. Mengenai periode beberapa puluh tahun setelah Yesus tak ada lagi, kita harus tahu bahwa yang terjadi tidak seperti apa yang dikatakan, dan bahwa kunjungan Petrus ke Roma tidak mendirikan Gereja Katolik. Sebaliknya antara waktu Yesus meninggalkan bumi ini sampai pertengahan abad II, yakni selama lebih dari satu abad telah terjadi perjuangan antara dua aliran yakni agama Kristen menurut Paulus dan agama Yahudi-Kristen; dengan pelan-pelan aliran Paulus mendesak aliran asli yakni agama Yahudi-Kristen.

Banyak karangan-karangan yang muncul pada beberapa dasawarsa yang akhir ini dan yang berdasarkan penemuan-penemuan yang terungkap di zaman kita, telah memungkinkan kita memahami pikiran-pikiran modern yang disajikan oleh Kardinal Danielou. Artikel yang diterbitkan pada bulan- Desember 1967 dalam majalah Etude (penyelidikan) berjudul: Suatu pandangan baru tentang asal agama Kristen atau Yudeo-Christianisme. Dengan mengutip karangan-karangan yang terdahulu, ia menjelajahi sejarah dan memungkinkan kita untuk menempatkan Injil dalam konteks yang sangat berbeda dengan apa yang dapat kita baca dalam uraian-uraian yang ditulis untuk kaum awam. Di bawah ini kita cantumkan ringkasan pikiran-pikiran pokok dalam artikel tersebut, dengan kutipan-kutipan:

Sesudah Yesus, tidak ada lagi kelompok kecil para rasul (sahabat) yang merupakan suatu "sekte Yahudi yang setia kepada ibadat dan upacara temple." Tetapi ketika banyak orang-orang baru yang masuk agama Kristen dari agama Kafir (Pagan), mereka mengusulkan suatu aturan Khusus; konsili Yerusalem tahun 49 M membebaskan mereka dari khitan dan upacara-upacara Yahudi. Banyak orang-orang, Yahudi-Kristen yang tidak setuju dengan perlakuan khusus ini. Kelompok ini memisahkan diri dan Paulus. Malahan telah terjadi bentrokan antara Paulus dan kelompok Yahudi Kristen pada tahun 49 M itu juga di Antioch. Bagi Paulus, khitan, liburan hari Sabtu dan upacara di temple tidak perlu lagi, baik untuk pengikut Yesus atau untuk orang Yahudi sendiri. Agama Kristen harus membebaskan diri dari hubungan politico religius dengan agama Yahudi, dan membuka diri bagi orang gentil (yang bukan Yahudi).

Dalam pandangan orang Yahudi Kristen yang tetap setia, kepada ajaran Yahudi, Paulus adalah orang yang berkhianat. Dokumen-dokumen mereka mengatakan bahwa Paulus adalah musuh dan mendakwanya dengan taktik dua muka; tetapi sampai tahun 70 M Yudeo—Christianisme merupakan "mayoritas dalam gereja" dan "Paulus merupakan orang yang terasing." Ketua daripada masyarakat Yudeo-Christian adalah Jack, seorang kerabat Yesus. Jack didampingi Petrus dan Yahya. Jack dapat dianggap sebagai tiangnya Yudeo-Christianisme, yang sengaja setia kepada agama Yahudi menentang agama Kristen yang dipimpin Paulus. Keluarga Yesus memegang peranan dalam gereja Yudeo-Christian di Yerusalem.
Pengganti Jack adalah Simon, anak Cleopas, saudara sepupu Yesus.

Kardinal Danielou mengutip tulisan-tulisan Yudeo Christian yang mengungkapkan pandangan kelompok Yudeo Christian yang terbentuk sekitar para rasul (sahabat) terhadap Yesus: Injil orang-orang Ibrani (mengenai masyarakat Yahudi Kristen di Mesir), Hypotesa karangan Clement, rasa syukur Clement (Reconnaissance de Clement), Apocalypse Jack dan Injil Thomas.8
Orang-orang Yahudi Kristen itulah yang menulis dokumen-dokumen Kristen kuno yang disebutkan secara terperinci olel Kardinal Danielou.

"Pada abad I M, agama Yahudi Kristen tidak hanya di Yerusalem dan Palestina, akan tetapi di tempat-tempat lain juga, yakni sebelum aliran Paulus tersiar. Hal ini memberi penerangan mengapa surat-surat Paulus selalu menyebutkan adanya konflik," memang di mana-mana Paulus mendapat rintangan yang sama, di Galitea, Korintus, Kolose, Roma dan Antioch.

Di tanah pesisir Siria Palestina, dari Gaza sampai Antioch, orang-orang menganut agama Yahudi Kristen, seperti yang diterangkan oleh surat-surat para rasul dan tulisan-tulisan Clement."

Di Asia kecil adanya pengikut-pengikut agama Yahudi Kristen telah dibuktikan oleh surat untuk orang Galitia dan surat untuk orang Kolose, keduanya dikirim oleh
Paulus. Tulisan-tulisan Papias memberi gambaran tentang agama Yahudi Kristen di Phrygie. Di negeri Yunani, khususnya di Apollos, surat Paulus kepada orang
Korintus menunjukkan tersiarnya agama Yahudi Kristen. Roma merupakan suatu pusat penting, menurut surat Clement dan Pendeta dari Hernias. Di Suetone dan
Tacite, orang-orang Kristen merupakan sekte Yahudi. Kardinal Danielou berpendapat bahwa agama Kristen yang masuk Afrika, mula-mula adalah agama Yahudi Kristen. Ini dikuatkan oleh Injil orang Ibrani dan tulisan-tulisan Clement dari Alexandria.

Adalah sangat penting untuk mengetahui fakta-fakta tersebut agar kita dapat memahami bahwa Injil-lnjil itu ditulis pada suasana perjuangan antara dua kelompok. Penyebaran teks yang kita punyai sekarang, setelah diadakannya perubahan-perubahan dalam teks sumbernya, dimulai sekitar tahun 70 M, yaitu waktu bentrokan antara kedua kelompok yang bersaingan. Pada waktu itu kelompok Yahudi Kristen lebih banyak. Tetapi dengan terjadinya Perang Yahudi (melawan Kerajaan Romawi) dan jatuhnya Yerusalem pada tahun 70, keadaan menjadi terbalik.

Kardinal Danielou menerangkan kemunduran ini sebagai berikut:

"Karena orang-orang Yahudi tidak dipercaya lagi di dalam Kerajaan Romawi, maka orang-orang Kristen menjauhkan diri dari mereka. Agama Kristen seperti yang
tersiar di negeri Yunani mendapat kemajuan. Paulus mendapat kemenangan sesudah ia sendiri mati. Agama Kristen memisahkan diri dari agama Yahudi baik secara sosiologik maupun secara politik, dan menjadi kelompok ketiga, yakni di samping Yahudi dan Kafir. Tetapi meskipun begitu sampai pemberontakan Yahudi yang terjadi pada tahun 140, agamaYahudi Kristen masih dominan secara kebudayaan."

Dari tahun 70 sampai kira-kira tahun 110, timbullah empat Injil, yakni yang ditulis oleh Markus, Matius, Lukas dan Yahya. Injil itu tidak merupakan dokumen Kristen yang pertama; sebelumnya telah ada surat-surat Paulus. Menurut O. Culmann, Paulus menulis surat kepada orang Tesalonika pada tahun 50. Tetapi sudah terang, Paulus meninggal beberapa tahun sebelum Injil Markus selesai ditulis.

Paulus adalah seorang yang banyak dipersoalkan dan dianggap pengkhianat kepada ajaran Yesus oleh keluarga Yesus sendiri, dan oleh rasul-rasul (sahabat-sahabat Nabi Isa) yang tinggal di Yerusalem dengan Jack. Paulus dianggap telah menyiarkan ajaran-ajarannya sendiri dan merugikan para sahabat-sahabat yang dikumpulkan oleh Yesus sendiri untuk menyiarkan ajaran-ajarannya. Oleh karena Paulus tidak pernah bertemu dengan Yesus, maka ia memberi dasar untuk perbuatannya dengan mengatakan bahwa Yesus yang telah hidup kembali setelah di kubur, nampak kepadanya di jalan ke Damascus. Kita dapat bertanya-tanya bagaimana yang mestinya terjadi dalam agama Kristen seandainya Paulus tidak muncul; tentu ada bermacam-macam hypotesa. Akan tetapi, dalam hal yang mengenai Injil-Injil, kita dapat mengatakan bahwa jika suasana bentrokan antara dua kelompok yang disebabkan oleh ajaran Paulus yang menyeleweng itu tiada ada, tentunya kita tidak akan menemukan Injil-lnjil seperti yang ada sekarang. Karena ditulis pada waktu pertentangan antara dua kelompok, maka tulisan-tulisan perjuangan (ecrits de Combat) seperti yang dinamakan oleh R.P. Kannengiesser, telah muncul dari tulisan-tulisan mengenai Yesus ketika agama Kristen menurut ajaran Paulus telah menang dan sedang menyusun kumpulan teks-teks resmi atau Canon, yaitu teks yang menghukum segala teks lain yang tidak sesuai dengan garis yang dipilih oleh Gereja serta menganggapnya sebagai bertentangan dengan ortodoksi.

Setelah pengikut agama Yahudi Kristen tidak lagi rnerupakan kelompok yang berpengaruh, mereka itu biasanya dinamakan "Yudaisants" yakni orang-orang yang
condong kepada agama Yahudi. Kardinal Danielou menulis:

"Orang-orang Yudeo Kristen terputus dari Gereja Besar yang membebaskan diri dari pengaruh Yahudi, dan mereka itu musnah dengan cepat di Barat. Akan tetapi mereka masih terdapat di Timur pada abad III dan IV, khususnya di Palestina, Arabia, Yordania, Syria dan Mesopotamia (Irak). Di antara mereka banyak yang memeluk agama Islam, yang memang merekalah pewaris agama Kristen dari suatu segi, lainnya mengikuti ortodoksi Gereja Besar dengan mempertahankan kebudayaan Semit;" seperti yang masih terdapat di Ethiopia dan Babylon.

Roaming the older churches

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Only one unforgettable, when dusk in an old church ... Selarik singing was famous in the era of the 1970s. Panjaitan Brothers or better known as Panbers sang a song titled "Old Church". If you are a fan of old songs, the word 'old church' can remind you with the song "Old Church". The song was not a spiritual song is about an old church, but a love song.
But the song can be your friend when exploring the old churches in Indonesia. Big fan of history will surely fall in love with the beauty of the older churches can be found in almost all regions in Indonesia. Some churches are typical European-style architecture. While other churches berakulturasi with the local culture.
In Jakarta, you can stop by the Church of Santa Maria De Fatima, the Church of Zion, and Church Cathedral. The first trip was the Church of Santa Maria De Fatima, located in the region Glodok. When first set foot in this church, you may think if you have the wrong road. Appearances Catholic church is more like a temple than a church in general. With a dominant red and Chinese characters, it's no wonder the Chinese feel very thick felt. The government has declared the church as a cultural heritage.
Once the church was the beginning was the home of Mr. Captain in 1700, a Chinese landlord surnamed Tjioe rich famous and powerful in Batavia. Missionary group from the Netherlands and then bought it in 1955. Furthermore, the function of the building was changed from home to church. Still not changed its original architecture and instead became the hallmark of the church.
A pair of stone lions or shi shi in front of the church to welcome visitors. Typical Chinese stone lions really trust the Chinese guards who symbolizes the spirit world. Another uniqueness is the number of Chinese writing that is commonly found in buildings such as the writings of Chinese yellow which means sustenance. The church is also known by the name Toasebio. Toasebio also seemed harmoniously side by side with the existing temples in the same region and the majority of Chinese who live in the vicinity. As if being voiced reconcile acculturation and liver tolerance.
Visit the next pilgrimage church is the Cathedral Church. Who does not know the magnificent church with two towers that rise? Located in downtown Jakarta, this building he was already more than 100 years. Moreover, the church was faced with the largest mosque in Southeast Asia, the Istiqlal Mosque. A symbol of that religion in Indonesia can live side by side.
Old age also indicates the long journey. This church was built in neo-gothic style. The neo-gothic style is widely used for Catholic churches in Europe, including in the Netherlands. High and large windows and soaring tower became a prominent characteristic for the Cathedral Church. Cathedral church established in 1901 but experienced a change over time. He was burned in 1826 and collapsed in 1890. Therefore, now is not the original form of the church at first.
The official name of this church is De Kerk van Onze Lieve Vrowe about Hemelopneming (Church of Santa Maria Appointed To Heaven). In the church there is a museum open to the public. Various means of worship and other spiritual things that he was already decades stored in the museum.
The journey continues to the Zion Church, located on the corner of Prince Jayakarta. Zion Church is the oldest church in Jakarta, which still stands today. The story about the blessing of the church as early inauguration of the Dutch-speaking church you can read on the walls of the church. Inauguration of the Church of Zion in the year 1695, so imagine he was already more than 300 years.onmouseout="this.style.backgroundColor='#fff'" onmouseover="this.style.backgroundColor='#ebeff9'" style="background-color: white;" title="Hanya satu yang tak terlupakan,
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storm in Israel, uncover ancient relic roman sculpture

untuk terjemahan alternatif">JERUSALEM - A large storm followed the collapse of the cliff of a hill in the central coast of Israel bring valuable historical evidence: the statue of Roman relics. These findings announced the Israel Antiquities Authority.

The white marble statue depicts a woman wearing a robe and slippers, an estimated 2,000 years old. 1.2-meter high statue, weighing about 200 kilograms and was found without a head or arms, according to a news release by the authorities.

Someone walking on the beach on the west coast of Ashkelon Jerusalem who first found it. "The statue had fallen into the sea when the ancient cliff collapsed as a result of the storm," said Yigal Israel, archaeologists. "The ruins also damage the bath house and mosaics that have been on the cliff for hundreds of years."

The storm, one of Israel's strongest, bringing winds of more than 100 kilometers per hour that sent waves of 10 meters hit the coast of Israel.
Red: Tri Puji B Siwi